In an article in the The Guardian, Phil Jones has admitted to errors in his science of Man-Made Global Warming (MBW). He admits that his process of recording and saving data was lacking. He also has admitted that there "may" have been warmer periods in the past (e.g. Medieval period) and that there is no "statistical" evidence to recent global warming since 1995. Yet he still holds on to his belief that the current warming period is unprecedented. He also does not admit to trying to influencing the peer review process, when an his own email clearly states otherwise.
Therefore, I can now categorically reject Phil Jones as an unbiased scientist. All of his past and current papers must be held in disrepute. It will take a full peer review on any future papers to readmit Phil Jones to the scientific community. It is a sad day for Science when a credentialed member loses the respect of his colleagues. But Phil Jones has chosen this course of action because he wanted to prove his hypothesis more than finding the truth of his Science. Peer review, as it is, is not as important as Self-Peer Review.
Monday, February 15, 2010
Sunday, February 7, 2010
Is the Space-Time Fabric Quantized?
According to the current concepts in Cosmology, the Space-Time Fabric of our Universe is a continuum. This a natural humanistic view of our world since as humans we only see the Arrow of Time expanding out to infinity. Our mathematics is based upon the real number system in which we support the concept of +/- infinity. As the old story goes, if you step half of the distance between you and a wall on each step, then you will never reach the wall. We see this as a logical conclusion. But is this the true Reality? Our mathematics is only an invention of our experience of Reality (see: The Road To Reality by Roger Penrose for an excellent review on the development of mathematics).
Because we believe that Space-Time is infinite (i.e. a continuum), Physics encounters a problem with a discontinuity at the singularity point. Our Physics breaks down inside Black Holes. The Big Bang becomes impossible to describe at the initial moment since the size of Space-Time is infinitely small according to our mathematics. But what if we have taken the wrong approach? What if Space-Time is a Quantum region?
String Theory proposes that the smallest size in the 10-dimensional Space-Time is equal to one Planck Length 1.6 x 10-35 m or about 10-20 times the size of a proton. Indeed if this is the smallest size, then Space-Time should be a Quantum Space-Time. Returning to our old story, if the smallest step we can make as we approach the wall is only one Planck Length, then we should be able to reach the wall upon the next and final step when we are exactly one Planck Length away from the wall. This logic implies that Space-Time is Quantized and is not a Continuum. If this is the true Reality, then our Physics does not break down. There are no discontinuities. The minimum size of the Universe at the moment of the Big Bang was 1.6 x 10-35m . Infinity is just a mathematical concept.
Not only is Space quantized, but so is Time. The Planck Time is the time it would take a photon traveling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to the Planck length. This is the ‘quantum of time’, the smallest measurement of time that has any meaning, and is equal to 10-43 seconds. From our perspective as human beings, we cannot experience these Planck Limits. We see the Universe as a Continuum of 3 expanding dimensions and one of time. String Theory proposes 6 more closed dimensions curled up upon themselves and finitely small. These extra dimensions are invisible to us. So is the quantized "ticking" of our clocks. As macro objects of matter, we cannot experience these small dimensions and periods of time.
The advantage of all of this is that our mathematics does not fail us if we view the Universe in a quantized Space-Time matrix. Maybe this same quantization occurs in other Multi-Universes assuming William Jame's theory is correct. Perhaps we need to take another look at things. Instead of using calculus, finite summation mathematics should be sufficient to describe our Universe.
In my next posting, we will take a look at the concept of Bubble Universes (Chaotic Inflation theory). I wonder if they are comprised of different forms of matter than those we see in our Standard Model. Why are there only 3 levels of matter in our Universe? Could it be that there are more forms? And if so, could the entire Multiverse be a collection of Universes where the higher energy Universes are degenerated according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle? More on that later.
Because we believe that Space-Time is infinite (i.e. a continuum), Physics encounters a problem with a discontinuity at the singularity point. Our Physics breaks down inside Black Holes. The Big Bang becomes impossible to describe at the initial moment since the size of Space-Time is infinitely small according to our mathematics. But what if we have taken the wrong approach? What if Space-Time is a Quantum region?
String Theory proposes that the smallest size in the 10-dimensional Space-Time is equal to one Planck Length 1.6 x 10-35 m or about 10-20 times the size of a proton. Indeed if this is the smallest size, then Space-Time should be a Quantum Space-Time. Returning to our old story, if the smallest step we can make as we approach the wall is only one Planck Length, then we should be able to reach the wall upon the next and final step when we are exactly one Planck Length away from the wall. This logic implies that Space-Time is Quantized and is not a Continuum. If this is the true Reality, then our Physics does not break down. There are no discontinuities. The minimum size of the Universe at the moment of the Big Bang was 1.6 x 10-35m . Infinity is just a mathematical concept.
Not only is Space quantized, but so is Time. The Planck Time is the time it would take a photon traveling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to the Planck length. This is the ‘quantum of time’, the smallest measurement of time that has any meaning, and is equal to 10-43 seconds. From our perspective as human beings, we cannot experience these Planck Limits. We see the Universe as a Continuum of 3 expanding dimensions and one of time. String Theory proposes 6 more closed dimensions curled up upon themselves and finitely small. These extra dimensions are invisible to us. So is the quantized "ticking" of our clocks. As macro objects of matter, we cannot experience these small dimensions and periods of time.
The advantage of all of this is that our mathematics does not fail us if we view the Universe in a quantized Space-Time matrix. Maybe this same quantization occurs in other Multi-Universes assuming William Jame's theory is correct. Perhaps we need to take another look at things. Instead of using calculus, finite summation mathematics should be sufficient to describe our Universe.
In my next posting, we will take a look at the concept of Bubble Universes (Chaotic Inflation theory). I wonder if they are comprised of different forms of matter than those we see in our Standard Model. Why are there only 3 levels of matter in our Universe? Could it be that there are more forms? And if so, could the entire Multiverse be a collection of Universes where the higher energy Universes are degenerated according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle? More on that later.
Saturday, February 6, 2010
Is Inflation caused by Multi-Universe collisions?
In a recent article in Discover magazine, several Astronomer's hypothesize that our Universe's Inflation (i.e increasing expansion rate) may be caused by a collision with another Multi-Universe and not due to Dark Energy. Both of these hypotheses are based on the concept that some form of energy is "pushing" on our Universe causing it to expand at an ever increasing rate. Both have merit, but I have wondered about the opposite concept that our Universe may be experiencing a "pull" instead of a "push".
If the Multi-Universe theory is valid, then it seems reasonable that the Universes are gravitationally bound with each other. In the macro realm of space-time, gravity is the strongest of the four forces if the mass of the space-time is very large. What could be more massive than the totality of the Multi-Universes? In fact, just as
our Universe exists within a space-time matrix, we can assume that the Multi-Universe also exists as a space-time matrix or fabric. Are these matrices one in the same or is there an event horizon separating these space-times?
Let's assume the space-times are separated. Even so, the individual Universes exist within a Multi-Universe space-time fabric. And according to Einstein's Gravitational Theory, gravity is caused by the distortion of the space-time fabric and not by a Newtonian attractive force of unknown origin. The distortion of the Multi-Universe space-time should cause more "distortion" near the "event horizon" than further away from the horizon. Thus, a nearby gravitationally bound Universe will become distorted along its edges more so than near its center. Thus, it will appear accelerated.
In a similar sense if the space-times are the same and there is no event horizon, then the "distortion" of the the common space-time fabric will cause the same effect between the companion Universes. Each will appear to be in a state of Inflation as they interact with the distortion in the space-time matrix. Each Universe is "stretched" near it boundaries much like matter is stretched as it falls into a black hole.
Although I have no mathematics to support this hypothesis, I have proposed it only as an alternative concept. Instead of assuming that "something" is pushing on the matter in our Universe, we should not ignore the possibility that "something" may be pulling on our Universe.
If the Multi-Universe theory is valid, then it seems reasonable that the Universes are gravitationally bound with each other. In the macro realm of space-time, gravity is the strongest of the four forces if the mass of the space-time is very large. What could be more massive than the totality of the Multi-Universes? In fact, just as
our Universe exists within a space-time matrix, we can assume that the Multi-Universe also exists as a space-time matrix or fabric. Are these matrices one in the same or is there an event horizon separating these space-times?
Let's assume the space-times are separated. Even so, the individual Universes exist within a Multi-Universe space-time fabric. And according to Einstein's Gravitational Theory, gravity is caused by the distortion of the space-time fabric and not by a Newtonian attractive force of unknown origin. The distortion of the Multi-Universe space-time should cause more "distortion" near the "event horizon" than further away from the horizon. Thus, a nearby gravitationally bound Universe will become distorted along its edges more so than near its center. Thus, it will appear accelerated.
In a similar sense if the space-times are the same and there is no event horizon, then the "distortion" of the the common space-time fabric will cause the same effect between the companion Universes. Each will appear to be in a state of Inflation as they interact with the distortion in the space-time matrix. Each Universe is "stretched" near it boundaries much like matter is stretched as it falls into a black hole.
Although I have no mathematics to support this hypothesis, I have proposed it only as an alternative concept. Instead of assuming that "something" is pushing on the matter in our Universe, we should not ignore the possibility that "something" may be pulling on our Universe.
Friday, February 5, 2010
The Global Warming Email Fraud
The recent exposed emails show how Man-Made Global Warming has been a false science for nearly 12 years. The link below is a web site hosted by physicist John Costella, Ph.D. He gives a lenghty chronological explanation of the events posted in the emails. The leading MGW proponent scientists have done serious harm to the integrity of the scientific peer review process and science in general. They failed to archive their data, attempted to control the peer review process in many scientific journals, blocked all contrarian papers, truncated data set periods to hide the effects of warming prior to 1000 AD, used two different temperature data sets in the "Hockey Stick" graph, averaged 5 proxies to reduce the temperature uncertainties between 1000-1900 AD, failed to report that the Tree Ring data proxy did not show warming in the last decade since 1998, failed to confirm Tree Ring data as a valid temperature proxy, accidently reversed the X-ray density data when plotting the temperature proxy in ice cores, would not allow other scientists to have access to the published data and software, and worst of all treated their peers with great indignity.
John Costella's report on this subject is an exhaustive analysis of how these scientists arranged the data to support their preconcieved hypothesis on Global Warming. If you want to really know the truth about MGW, then I highly recommend you read this document. It is quite long. It took me 3 days to read it. But if you choose to believe in Global Warming inspite of the recent email scam, then please don't waste your time reading this article as you will be convinced to abandon your "preconcieved" notion concerning "Man-Made Global Warming (?)".
Link to article: http://johncostella.webs.com/
John Costella's report on this subject is an exhaustive analysis of how these scientists arranged the data to support their preconcieved hypothesis on Global Warming. If you want to really know the truth about MGW, then I highly recommend you read this document. It is quite long. It took me 3 days to read it. But if you choose to believe in Global Warming inspite of the recent email scam, then please don't waste your time reading this article as you will be convinced to abandon your "preconcieved" notion concerning "Man-Made Global Warming (?)".
Link to article: http://johncostella.webs.com/
Global Warming - Mann's discredited 'Hockey Stick'
The Geophysical Research Letters paper of Mann, et al, of 1999 masked the then accepted Medieval Warming Period and the Little Ice Age climatic events. Mann chose to only use tree ring density data as a proxy for temperature in the first part of the graph's millinium and actual instrumental temperatures in the 20th Century part of the graph. Not only by using two different data sets to "bias" his graph, he also discounted the well demonstrated Solar Oscilliation effect as determined by 14C and 18Be isotope temperature proxies, 400 years of sun spot activity, sea/lake level core data, and historical data through their omissions. Missing from Mann's graph is the Maunder Minimum, the 70 year period of almost no sun spot activity leading into the Little Ice Age, and the Sporer Minimum of non-periodic irregular sun spot activity preceeding the Maunder Minumum. Both events producing colder climates that have been attributed to Solar variability and spectral change.
The following article is an extensive review of the various proxies used to determine temperature in the distant past when there is little or no instrumental data. It explains the problems of using improperly calibrated tree ring data, especially as shown by Cook using the two distinct climaticological areas of hisTasmanian tree ring data. In addition, Mann's paper is further discrdited by the omission (truncation) of Briffa's 20th Century tree ring data that does not indicate recent climatic warming.
The document below is well worth reading to get a better understanding of the scientific methods used to study the Earth's climate. It also ends with a excerpt from the National Academy of Science stating the need of a healthy skeptic attitude in the scientific community in order to support the peer review process. I hope you will find this document very informative.
Link to Article: http://www.john-daly.com/hockey/hockey.htm
The following article is an extensive review of the various proxies used to determine temperature in the distant past when there is little or no instrumental data. It explains the problems of using improperly calibrated tree ring data, especially as shown by Cook using the two distinct climaticological areas of hisTasmanian tree ring data. In addition, Mann's paper is further discrdited by the omission (truncation) of Briffa's 20th Century tree ring data that does not indicate recent climatic warming.
The document below is well worth reading to get a better understanding of the scientific methods used to study the Earth's climate. It also ends with a excerpt from the National Academy of Science stating the need of a healthy skeptic attitude in the scientific community in order to support the peer review process. I hope you will find this document very informative.
Link to Article: http://www.john-daly.com/hockey/hockey.htm
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